{"id":138,"date":"2021-04-23T15:05:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-23T15:05:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kits.themecy.com\/membership\/?p=138"},"modified":"2024-09-23T21:39:21","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T21:39:21","slug":"writing-a-business-case-what-it-is-and-how-to-write","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insurancebuddyusa.com\/es\/writing-a-business-case-what-it-is-and-how-to-write\/","title":{"rendered":"Ilustraciones de IUL: Esto es ahora"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/author\/richard-m-weber\">RIchard Weber<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">My July 2013 feature article for&nbsp;<em>InsuranceNewsNet Magazine<\/em>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/weber2013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cIllustrated Promises; Unmet Expectations,\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;addressed a problem in which insurance regulations that were approved in the mid-1990s were resulting in illustration outcomes that were unlikely to occur and likely to cause disappointment. Further, policy illustrations continued to be used to project future values, a purpose regulators and the Society of Actuaries had long refuted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By 2013, policy illustrations were again coming under regulatory scrutiny as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners was beginning to address indexed universal life, a relatively new product that was quickly becoming a best-seller among the different forms of universal life insurance. IUL was a very different variation of UL that hadn\u2019t even existed when the current illustration regulation was finalized in 1995. When nonguaranteed bonuses were included, illustration net crediting rates of 8% or 9% were not uncommon \u2014 deployed as constant (but nonguaranteed) accumulation assumptions over many decades.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IUL is the most recent generation of UL insurance products to come along since UL was introduced in 1978. Variable universal life \u2014 a security \u2014 became popular in the late 1980s, and then along came guaranteed universal life during the latter part of the 1990s. Right on time for the decennary evolution of UL products, IUL began to gain traction in the recovery from the Great Recession. IUL intends to be a non-<br>security blend of earlier iterations of UL and VUL, with all the advantages of flexible premiums and none of the potential disadvantages of volatile subaccount values that could produce negative forces on cash value accumulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What makes IUL both attractive and challenging to illustrate is that there is no \u201cearned interest rate underlying the disciplined current scale\u201d to serve as a maximum (but also persistent) projection rate when producing an IUL illustration. IUL defies conventional wisdom when it comes to developing an appropriate policy illustration rate, especially when following the Goldilocks Rule \u2014 not too high, not too low, but just right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider the following recent situations involving complex life insurance products, compounded by aggressive recommendations for implementation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. IUL and premium financing for retirement income&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fifty-seven-year-old Victor K\u2019s long-time trusted financial planner had an important idea to share with him: a wealth generation plan. And it was such a valuable planning concept that the planner went ahead and initiated a similar plan for himself. The essence of the presentation \u2014 primarily drawn from a policy illustration \u2014 included:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb Apply for an IUL policy in the amount of $5 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/ads\/jackson-national-2024-09-body-leaderboard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Jackson_728x90_2024-09.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb Use a 1035 exchange of an existing $1 million par whole life policy with $300,000 of surrender value plus pay premiums of $320,000 a year for 10 years,&nbsp;<em>but<\/em>&nbsp;arrange premium financing to pay all those premiums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb In Year 11, repay the $3.5 million bank-financed premium loan (and accumulated interest) out of policy cash values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb Sit back and collect $200,000 a year of tax-free income for the rest of his life beginning at age 70 \u2014 with policy withdrawals and loans as far as age 120, or however long he lived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb He would still have $4.5 million of net death benefit at an average life expectancy (89) or $70 million if he lived to 120.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>But in fact<\/em>, assuming the policy can redeem the third-party premium financing (and replace it with an internal policy loan), there&nbsp;<em>was less than a 50% probability<\/em>&nbsp;the plan would be viable after even the first retirement cash flow. There was&nbsp;<em>less than a 10% probability of success<\/em>&nbsp;well before average life expectancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. IUL for retirement income<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seventy-year-old physician Gregory J\u2019s new financial planner suggested Greg use his professional practice\u2019s profit-sharing plan to buy a $5 million IUL policy and then sell the policy 10 years later from the profit-sharing plan to Greg\u2019s irrevocable life insurance trust.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb A total of $2 million in premiums was to be paid by the retirement plan, prefunding all future premiums&nbsp;<em>y<\/em>&nbsp;illustrating $100,000 annual&nbsp;<em>tax-free income<\/em>&nbsp;beginning at age 65 \u2014 with policy withdrawals and loans for as long as his wife lived, up to age 100 \u2014 under a spousal withdrawal provision of the ILIT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb However, the client funded only $1.5 million of the intended funding, and the agent neglected to drop the death benefit from $6.5 million to $1.5 million in Year 8 as originally illustrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>As a result<\/strong>, there was only a&nbsp;<strong>27% probability<\/strong>&nbsp;the plan would be viable to age 100.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. IUL and premium financing for retirement income<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fifty-two-year-old physician Jennifer R. had a $3 million 20-pay whole life policy with a $110,000 annual premium that began to strain Jennifer\u2019s budget.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bb She asked her long-time insurance agent (who sold the original policy) to see if she could reduce her premium obligation. He responded with a proposal to exchange the whole life\u2019s $500,000 cash value for a premium-financed IUL policy illustrating $260,000 annual&nbsp;<em>tax-free income<\/em>&nbsp;beginning at age 65 \u2014 with policy withdrawals and loans as long as she lived, up to age 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>But in fact<\/strong>, when we reduced the long-term cap expectation to 7% from 9% to expand on that possibility, the first failure occurred at age 84, and there was a 91% probability the plan would not be viable to age 100.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What do these insurance cases have in common?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For at least the past 10 years, high-end life insurance sales have been less about protecting a family, business or charity from financial loss due to the insured\u2019s premature death, and more about accumulating large amounts of cash values from which to withdraw and borrow substantial income tax-free cash flow from the policy at and during retirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For an even longer period of time, high net worth individuals have been encouraged to borrow the substantial upfront premiums with which to fund those so-called retirement benefits. At the same time, lenders have steadily reduced their minimum personal financial criteria for making such policy loans. Placing large life insurance policies into retirement plans is another form of premium financing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We still hear the rallying cry supporting IUL: \u201cZero is your hero!\u201d Except it isn\u2019t. IUL policies have some attractive long-term attributes for the right type of buyer, but the policy illustration misleads sellers and buyers into believing cash value accumulation occurs with a constant rate of return. It does not. Cash value at the end of a segment year can be&nbsp;<em>menos<\/em>&nbsp;than it was the prior year, depending on the&nbsp;<em>charge<\/em>&nbsp;side of the ledger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To be fair, in the cases I cited earlier, there was no evidence the licensed agent intended to defraud the client. But these cases highlight&nbsp;<em>negligence<\/em>&nbsp;in using a policy illustration as the exclusive means of understanding \u2014 and selling \u2014 a concept that ultimately caused great harm and financial loss to the client and likely to the advisors. All three of these life insurance cases are currently being litigated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary reason market-based policies fail to deliver on illustrated promises is that the&nbsp;<em>dollar sequence of return risk<\/em>&nbsp;cannot be evaluated with the tools currently made available to agents and their clients. But appropriate tools do exist. As a form of statistical analysis, Monte Carlo assessment can provide an understanding of the degree to which policy illustrations continue to fail expectations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is Monte Carlo?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assuming an otherwise identical set of illustration details such as an assumed premium, death benefit, age\/gender\/class, etc., Monte Carlo analysis applies 1,000 or more unique randomization scenarios to the buyer\u2019s assumed asset allocation\/index of choice (i.e., the methodology by which the policy accumulates long-term value). Of course, over the life of the insured, policy credits must exceed policy debits for the policy to sustain and become a death benefit. As a result of this randomization process, Monte Carlo analysis estimates the&nbsp;<em>probability of success<\/em>&nbsp;among those many scenarios of returns for the buyer to access entirely new insights into the policy being reviewed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Life insurance companies have long used Monte Carlo to estimate their long-term profits in a number of design scenarios for new policies, but agents have been on their own in using similar technology with their prospects and clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Monte Carlo analysis, when properly applied, is the only method to form an unbiased outcome expectation that cannot be manipulated.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The question for the client that makes this process so useful is \u201cWhat is your minimum acceptable probability of success?\u201d Most prospects will indicate something between 80% and 90%; after all, it is life insurance! By the way, if&nbsp;a potential buyer\u2019s minimum threshold is 100% certainty, they probably should look at a policy style with more underlying guarantees!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/feature-side-01-2024-05-1200x1003.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8275197\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 1 is a typical summary of an actual, current sales illustration: paying a premium of $25,000 a year for 20 years,&nbsp;and the following year expecting to withdraw and borrow $78,280 for&nbsp;<em>another<\/em>&nbsp;20 years. To put it more simply, that\u2019s a total of $500,000&nbsp;<strong>into<\/strong>&nbsp;the policy and&nbsp;$1,565,600&nbsp;<strong>out of<\/strong>&nbsp;the policy, for an ostensible long-term 6%&nbsp;<em>after-tax<\/em>&nbsp;equivalent rate of return (since there is no tax) on premiums and cash flows,&nbsp;<em>plus<\/em>&nbsp;an illustrated net death benefit of $243,000 at age 89 (average life expectancy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s a very attractive projected outcome. Unfortunately, it\u2019s predicated on the assumption of a&nbsp;<em>constant<\/em>&nbsp;6.3% (illustrated) crediting rate every year for the next 76 years. Since that is not a realistic assumption (neither in the magnitude of the return nor in its expected duration) it is much more useful to instead determine the&nbsp;<em>probability<\/em>&nbsp;of successfully achieving these premiums, withdrawal and ultimate death benefit results \u2014 using an asset allocation&nbsp;similar to&nbsp;the chosen index \u2014 with its guaranteed floor of 0% and&nbsp;current&nbsp;cap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/feature-side-03-2024-05-1200x819.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8275198\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As can be seen in&nbsp;<strong>Section 2<\/strong>, a Monte Carlo analysis using the prospect\u2019s asset allocation mapped to an appropriate index suggests there is only a 4% probability the plan can successfully pay out the expected payments of $78,280 from ages 65 through 84 and maintain the policy until death. In fact, only 40 of the 1,000 hypothetical variations in this analysis sustain to age 100. The overwhelming number of hypothetical observations will lapse prior even to average life expectancy, with half of all anticipated failures occurring by illustration age 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four percent is a pretty low likelihood with its 960 projected failures out of 1,000 hypothetical trials between now and age 84 \u2014 and we assume it would undoubtedly be unacceptable if the client had this information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nonetheless, the other part of the process must seek the prospect\u2019s response to the question \u201cWhat\u2019s your minimum acceptable probability of success for this purchase of insurance?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assuming the prospect comes up with the typical 90% response, we can provide a reasonable expectation for this proposal in&nbsp;<strong>Section 3<\/strong>: There is currently a very high probability the prospect can count on cash flow at retirement in the amount of approximately $53,000 per year for 20 years for a projected after-tax return of 4.5%. Periodic reassessment should warn of any failure possibilities well in advance.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/feature-side-02-2024-05-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-8275199\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is&nbsp;<em>your&nbsp;<\/em>standard of care&nbsp;obligation?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Licensed insurance agents have among the lowest state-imposed obligations to standards of care in the financial services industry. By contrast, approximately 14,800 Registered Investment Advisory firms and their more than 350,000 investment advisory representatives have statutory-imposed fiduciary duties to their clients. Fiduciary duties to their clients are membership-imposed on 100,000 CFP professionals, while 640,000 registered representatives (this number includes an overlap with IARs) have a standard of obligation to their broker-dealers and are bound to the equal care obligations of Reg-BI.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to their obligations under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, the Department of Labor is considering a rule requiring licensed insurance agents to act as fiduciaries when selling annuities to IRAs. And, finally, about 20,500 New York State insurance agents selling life and annuity products to residents of New York are now required under New York\u2019s Regulation 187 to work only in the client\u2019s best interest and to make only recommendations that are suitable to their prospective clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By and large, licensed agents in the other 49 states are&nbsp;<em>no<\/em>&nbsp;required to act with higher standards of care due to legislation, regulation or membership.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research from Stanford Law Review looked at the career paths of former registered representatives who, because of their own actions and penalties from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, were no longer allowed to sell securities. Where did those reps go? They mostly went into the life insurance business. Why? Because they could, with much easier qualifying exams and substantially lower standards of care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is unclear whether the higher standard of care applicable to, for example, an IAR or a registered representative does or does not automatically carry over as a duty to activities additionally pursued with a client as a licensed insurance agent. We know the duty is all-inclusive as it applies to CFP professionals in the process of providing financial advice. And by definition, the duty applies to insurance activities with New York residents regardless of an advisor\u2019s other credentials or designations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The extent of that duty is not yet resolved. For example, a California agent who is also an IAR providing financial advice and investment services and life insurance products to a client either 1) has no elevated duty on the life insurance portion of their insurance work, because California does not impose a best interest\/suitability rule for life insurance on its licensed insurance agents, or 2) does have such a duty because their overall client obligations as an IAR or a registered representative supersede the lower state-imposed insurance standard.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the law is not clear \u2014 or it is ambiguous or different between states \u2014 beware of unintended consequences. In the most extreme example, it\u2019s up to a jury to decide!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Alternatively \u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I suggest financial advisors assume they will be held to the highest duty applicable to their various designations and licensure, and provide advice and ongoing management to their clients as appropriate to the various products \u2014 including insurance \u2014 they have chosen to represent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The way most of us were trained to sell insurance products was to become knowledgeable and share our expertise with the client, implying that because of our knowledge and experience, we can tell you what\u2019s in your best interest.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But it can\u2019t work that way any longer. Best interest standards do not mean imposing on clients what we think is in their best interest. Subsequent disappointment can lead to client harm and then lawsuits. The evolving standard of care is to make certain that clients have the opportunity to choose products they perceive are suitable to their circumstances and are in their best interest, and best practices suggest providing written recommendations to help them along the way (protecting ourselves later on).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Securities, banking, retirement planning and financial advice are largely regulated at the federal level. However, consider the vast difference in the required client standard of care for licensed agents between New York and California in the sale of life insurance. Standard of care regulation at the state level leaves even the most professional life insurance agents wondering how to meet their cross-state obligations. But the high standard is not impossible, nor does it have to be onerous. It just takes a commitment to focus on the client with skill, diligence, prudence, knowledge and client loyalty.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I am always reminded of the professional pledge of the Society of Financial Service Professionals:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cIn all my professional relationships, I pledge myself to the following rule of ethical conduct: I shall, in the light of all conditions surrounding those I serve, which I shall make every conscientious effort to ascertain and understand,&nbsp;&nbsp;render that service which, in the same circumstances, I would apply to myself.\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/author\/richard-m-weber\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/insurancenewsnet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/rich-m-148x148.jpg\" alt=\"RIchard Weber\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Richard M. Weber, MBA, CLU, AEP (Distinguished), is a 57-year veteran of the life insurance industry, having been a successful agent, a home office executive, a software designer, author of four books and more than 400 published articles, and an educator. He is the co-creator of Certified Insurance Fiduciary, an online program for advisors wanting to enhance the scope of their advisory services. He may be contacted at&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:richard.weber@innfeedback.com\">richard.weber@innfeedback.com<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By&nbsp;RIchard Weber My July 2013 feature article for&nbsp;InsuranceNewsNet Magazine,&nbsp;\u201cIllustrated Promises; Unmet Expectations,\u201d&nbsp;addressed a problem in which insurance regulations that were approved in the mid-1990s were resulting in illustration outcomes that were unlikely to occur and likely to cause disappointment. Further, policy illustrations continued to be used to project future values, a purpose regulators and the&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":true,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-marketing","category-saas"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IUL illustrations: That was then; this is now -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/insurancebuddyusa.com\/es\/writing-a-business-case-what-it-is-and-how-to-write\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IUL illustrations: That was then; this is now -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By&nbsp;RIchard Weber My July 2013 feature article for&nbsp;InsuranceNewsNet Magazine,&nbsp;\u201cIllustrated Promises; Unmet Expectations,\u201d&nbsp;addressed a problem in which insurance regulations that were approved in the mid-1990s were resulting in illustration outcomes that were unlikely to occur and likely to cause disappointment. 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